What is the primary purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)?

The primary purpose of a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) is to interrupt a circuit in the event of a ground fault. A ground fault occurs when there is an unintended path between a source of current and a grounded surface, which can happen if a person accidentally comes into contact with a live wire or if moisture causes a short circuit. GFCIs help prevent electrical shocks and reduce the risk of electrical fires by quickly disconnecting power when a fault is detected. They are especially important in environments where electrical equipment is used near water, such as kitchens and bathrooms.

The other options do not accurately represent the function of a GFCI. Enhancing circuit performance pertains to optimizing electrical systems but is not the role of a GFCI. Preventing power surges refers to devices like surge protectors that mitigate voltage spikes, while monitoring voltage levels is typically done by voltage regulators or meters. Thus, the focus of a GFCI is specifically on safety by detecting ground faults and interrupting the circuit to protect users.