What is the purpose of an antenna in a telecommunications system?

The primary function of an antenna in a telecommunications system is to convert electrical signals into radio waves and vice versa. This process is essential for enabling wireless communication. When information, such as voice or data, needs to be transmitted over distance, the antenna takes the electrical signals generated by the transmitter and converts them into radio waves that can propagate through the air. Conversely, when receiving signals, the antenna captures radio waves and transforms them back into electrical signals for the receiving equipment to interpret.

For effective communication, antennas must be designed to operate efficiently at specific frequencies relevant to the applications they serve, ensuring that the signals transmitted and received maintain their integrity over distance. The correct function of antennas plays a pivotal role in establishing connections between devices in various telecommunications services, from phone calls to data streaming and beyond.